Approaches to Adult Learning

speak toes to prominent tuitionAnnotated OverviewThe focus of this writing exit be on the themes of the delegate chapter readings for hebdomad 6. These chapter reading from Learning in badhood A comprehensive examination Guide was in the pursuit chapters 8, 9, and 10. This paper lead also take additional scholarship resources (media video and instructors notes) and will come to the foreline points of sakis get toed from their wake and reading.Week 5 Annotated Chapter AssignmentThis hebdomads study involved our reading of three chapters, viewing two media videos and article reading. This paper will touch on the points of interest that resonated with me in my reading as well as thoughts that I explored from the adjunct erudition resources (media video and instructors notes). The paper will conclude with a epitome/ discussion of what was gained through this nurture experience and discuss ways this study earth-closet be implemented.Understanding and Facilitating Adul t Learning A universal ApproachChapter 8 ThemeThe overall theme of this chapter highlighted an integrated start extinct to scholarship which shows the synergistic connection and combination of the mind, body, and spirit in acquirement called embodied acquisition. It also discussed the signifi postce of knowledge through storytelling and heightened learnedness outcomes of chronicle t all(prenominal)ing. This section will address the points of interests that inspired to onto gain study.Narrative LearningThere be occurrences that happen in our life which atomic number 18 unique. some(prenominal) are uniquely dull and some can be uniquely exciting. However, the case each has a unique storyline that when told can athletic supporter others to better understand and know something of the storytellers serviceman that may lead to a significant discovery in their own. The generator points out that Narrative designed are not so much driven to find out more round the tangibl e outcomes of an event its facts, logic and such, than they are about discovering meaning, and gaining understanding of the self similar(prenominal) event (Merriam, Baumgartner, Caffarella, 2007).Narrative Learning Formats. The writer pointed out that that narratives as a conduit for learning comes in three distinct operateats which are storying the curriculum, storytelling, and autobiography (Merriam et al., 2007). Overall as Foote points out the stories told through narrative learning be it a story with connotations that are based on culture, tradition, favorable or spiritual implications each has been in its unique way the message of companionship impartation since time began (Foote, 2015). Educationally, storytelling provides the presenter with a force-outful mean of helping the student to make salient connections which improves the learning experience.Narrative Learning, Adult Development, Transformational Learning. I appreciated what the writer stated concerning lif e narratives being a retrospective activity that is continually in the crop of revealing itself unfolding. For when unrivaled views life from a narrative persuasion the result leads to empowerment. This happens beca using up its not what happens to some(prenominal) bingle that matters it how the event it translated that matters (Merriam et al., 2007). My thoughts are, re-storying based that is devoid of the positives make even in the most negative of situations seriously retards wholenesss transformative development. Nemec says that in stating that a transformation which shifts champion perspective is not always easy because on that point is a cause for disequilibrium in ones life. However, if one chooses to, one can regain a new balance in life from what is learned through that life experience by changings ones perspective of the issue at hand (Nemec, 2012).Chapter 9 ThemeThe theme of this chapter encourages one to take on the perspective of learning and well-read by em ploy lenses of no- westwarders. In this way one is better suited to understand the kinetics of the meaning of ones learning and knowing is based solely by the beholder and not on ones location. This section will address the points of interests concerning which I found to be enlighteningThe Western/Non-Western Dichotomy, Culture, and Indigenous Knowledge correspond to the writer in order to fully appreciate the differences in occidental and nonwestern learning and knowledge one must take in deliberation the following perceptions Western versus non-Western, culture and indigenous knowledge (Merriam et al., 2007).Western/Non-Western Dichotomy. According to Merriam, some non-westerners do not accept the false narrative typically held by some in the west concerning the promotion of the assumption that westerners learning and knowledge is superior to all others (Merriam et al., 2007). The cited writer points out that what is thought of as western knowledge is often traced to classical Greek culture (Paul Pedersen, 1980).Culture. Merriam points that culture can be defined as a representational manifestation of the share behavior and meaning held by a same assort of concourse (Merriam et al., 2007). Cultures from East Asians are known for their renowned ability to pay charge on a spheric and local anaesthetic level. In comparison to their western counterparts, the west is no match. A plausible reason for that is in how each culture implicitly obtains diverse knowledge and process the info. (Qiufang Fu, Zoltan Dienes, Junchen Shang, Xiaolan Fu, 2013).Indigenous Knowledge. pagan knowledge and learning is that which is shared within a group. Analogous to that exposition is indigenous knowledge but on a larger scale. This is knowledge that is known as local knowledge that is generated and shared, by a group of people, over a period but within a circumstantial geographic and historic region. This is knowledge is community-based and supported knowledge that deals directly with local issues within the region for the betterment of the community(Merriam et al., 2007).Chapter 10 ThemeThe theme of this chapter looks at learning from the context of learning taking place on a more global perspective within club. The chapter looked at the working of power and various other learning themes. This section will touch on aspects that I found interesting.Critical Theory and Adult LearningAccording to Merriam, when one compares andragogy and transformational learning, are unaware of the potential that lies within the potentially of slender theory potential. The vastness of topic of this theory surrounding adult learning, lends itself to further examination of the concepts that impact adult education. I found the following to be interesting reads pensive discourse and the seven learning tasks involved with scathing theory.Ideal Conditions for Reflective Discourse. Merriam cites Habermas stating that as a form a form of knowledge Habermass ideal co nditions for reflective discourse, closely resembles it. The forms of knowledge being technical, matter-of-fact and emancipatory knowledge(Merriam et al., 2007).Merriam goes on to state that according to Mezirow, when two are in discussion if there is no doubting the authenticity of what is being shared or the truthfulness of the speaker, or how appropriate the information is in light of pertinent norms, one is prone to seek the best judgment of one that is judged to be informed, objective, and rational (Merriam et al., 2007)Critical Thinking. Merriam states that because lifeworld and the system interconnect it would behoove one to critically focus ones attention on the concerted workings of the two. Merriam goes on to reiterate Collins (1995) stating that, The juxtaposition of lifeworld and system concepts is clearly significant in enable us to think deeply and realistically about the systemic blockages to the motion of a more fully democratized society (Merriam et al., 2007).B ohman and Rehg (2014) point out that Habermass criteria there are four conditions when applied to interactions of discourse between adults that are at exploit that would result in authentic discussion. They go on to state that crux of the matter of Habermass Theory of Discourse is expression of valid facts and information that is based stringently on the merits of a disinterested pursuit of truth (Bohman Rehg, 2014). This holds true in an any interchange involving rational adults who are sharing truth from a level personal knowledge and understanding while at the same time seeking mutuality of understanding and knowledge.Integrating the main themesThe chapter readings for week sextette gave me a better sense of self-involvement in learning. Whereas the tone of week five reading was on the role of facilitation in the learning process the implications in the statement of one being personally involved in learning was spoken loud and clear throughout week six chapters. In reflecting on the theories and principles of transformative learning I can say that one of the enlightenments that I take away is through the means that transformative learning, ones internal and international awareness is enhanced within that transformative learning experience. What I mean by that is, I learned that learning is more than just sitting in a room assimilating data. Cohen points out, that when one embodies the learning the learning experience, there is an opportunity piddled where any portion of the information being received can connect with meaning that initiates ones conscious awareness that brings about a reflective moment which ushers in a revelation of ones higher self. Transparently speaking, this reading brought up some thoughts that I had not anteriorly considered. Consequently, these three eye-opening chapters request a deeper review and reflection on my part, if for nothing else than for the sake of step-up through perspective changing and social enlightenment, w hich is the message I felt up the writer was conveying within these three chapters.Incorporating Media and Instructor NotesThe video, sassy Approach to Learning was an expose on the creator of Khan Academy. He is a former Hedge Fund analysis who started a free on line e-learning you tube website. This is a unique approach to sharing information with others that assister the self-directed learner supporting their ongoing learning settings. The presenter points out that his approach is simple and effective and attracts the attention of youth and adult learners nigh the world. The benefit of this approach to learning is that the learner can engage sterilise access for a variety of learning event while learning at their pace. Mr. Khan points out that according to research information the aloofness of the content is at the right amount that facilities learning. The presenter also brought in a referenceee who expressed how this type of learning is a valuable addition to locations a round the world that may not have access to any formal or informal means of education (Vantage Siam Co., 2011).The video, Gen Y New Approaches to Learning Training was interview centered on Generation Y and their approach to learning. The interviewee pointed out the demographic range of this new type of learner and the desires of the Gen Y group of learners to be taught in accordance to the technological society we live in. They want to be free in their ability to use the knowledge with the technology they have grown up with as compared to antecedent generations who did not have similar types of access. Both the interviewer and interviewee agreed that the responsibility of the teacher is to move away from former manners to incorporate this new desire for learning by making it easy for student involvement and encourages participation. This move will not only affect the present generation but it will prepare them for the upcoming one Gen Z.(Award1956s channel, 2010).The video, Ko ren Alberich on New Approaches to Learning was interview on three examples of learning using alternate reality games and realistic worlds. The interviewee explained how the games and worlds can be made to adapt to any environment and setting. individually can be structured to simulate desired learning outcomes. two salient outcomes of these new approaches are 1) the scalability. The environments and settings can meet any coat of learning audience, 2) as for the use of virtual worlds they can be create real-time global location via internet that can bring global locations into one location (Clarey, 2011)ConclusionThe overall thought of this weeks lesson has been an approach to learning that has helped me in synthesizing my life to what has been presented within these three chapters, as well to the previous lessons. Subjects like the principles of embodied learning with its lesson on spiritual and narrative learning are very insightful. I am a Pastor of a small congregation and I teach using the preaching method of expository preaching. After reading about narrative learning I have added storytelling as an element of preaching to help the listener gain a richer understanding of the content of my message. This is one example of how I have applied what I am learning. I believe that knowing and not applying what one knows means that knowledge remains as theoretical information. However, when that same knowledge is put into action then it takes on another essence, by becoming reality in the life of the one that has applied it. As I further reflect on what take away from the chapter transaction with Learning and knowing I now look at with I know and have learned through new lenses. Taking others perspectives, particularly other cultures, will be hard to do. That is if one is not free to, at the least, empathetically look at life from someone elses perspective. I agree with the chapter writer concerning our western egotism when it comes to learning that inders u s in that aspect. Our pride should not be the thing that keeps us from learning and knowing from other cultures. The truth is, in many cases other cultures have sincerely learned and know more than our does. Any barrier to intellectual egress must be overcome if we as a whole world round if we are to grow together. And as barriers, such as heathenish pride and others come down that gives way to areas of growth in realms such as meaningful dialog brought about by the ethos of critical theory, as well as acceptance of ideals founded in postmodern and feminist perspectives. When approached with a mindset of open-mindedness, these theories and concepts are enlightening and the means of growth. Light makes things grow. Needless to say, I feel I have grown to have a deeper grip for what I have experienced thus far and look frontward to what more is to come.ReferencesAward1956s channel (Producer), Award1956s channel (Director). (2010, December 8,). Gen Y new approaches to learning training. Video/DVD Retrieved from https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-SXIdXMqeABohman, J., Rehg, W. (2014). Jrgen habermas. Retrieved from https//plato.stanford.edu/entries/habermas/HabDisTheClarey, J. (Producer), Clarey, J. (Director). (2011, April 22,). Koreen olbrish on new approaches to learning. Video/DVDFoote, L. S. (2015). Re-storying life as a means of critical reflection The power of narrative learning. Christian Higher Education, 14(3), 116-126. doi10.1080/15363759.2015.1028580Merriam, S. B., Baumgartner, L., Caffarella, R. S. (2007). Learning in adulthood (3. ed. ed.). San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass.Nemec, P. B. (2012). Transformative learning. psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 35(6), 478-479. doi10.1037/h0094585Paul, Pedersen. (1980). The ethnical boundaries of education and non-eastern alternatives.1 Retrieved from http//journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/014303438000100507Qiufang Fu, Zoltan Dienes, Junchen Shang, Xiaolan Fu. (2013). Who learns more? cultural di fferences in implicit sequence learning. PLoS One, 8(8) doi10.1371/journal.pone.0071625Vantage Siam Co., L. (Producer), Vantage Siam Co., L. (Director). (2011, 15 July). New approaches to learning. Video/DVD

Critical success factors of cable tv (pay-tv) against other competitors in hong kong.

Critical victor factors of cable tv (pay-tv) against other competitors in hong kong.AbstractIn this proposal, we consent to learn the reliable melody strategies though the conclusion from query. And try to separate some suggestion for these companies to add their sales and profit. There atomic number 18 the flows of the look for proposal.First, to introduce the background of manufacture-TV Limited and its industry. Let you perplex a essenti altogethery knowledge of this industry in the pass and now. Secord, to list the objectives to help myself to obtain the proposal aim. Third, to have a minute appraise of germane(predicate) literature from books, articles, internet, or magazine. Discussing the business theory how to apply in the real business world, and in the case, we can see which strategies the company is using and what success factors here. intimately important, what we can understand clearly the market strategies in a real situation from the result of the investigate.Additionally, to describe the enquiry order which I had used. Including the selective information composeion method, sampling method and the coat of sample. By using questionnaire, light speed to150 race ordain be asked, in order to find give away the warring advantage of business line TV. Relationship between factors (the quality of TV course of study, the price, customer reinforcement servicing) and the attitude of nation towards which Pay-TV will be found. ram This works aims to point pop the attractive and competition of Pay-TV and though the research to find out their success factors (competitive advantage with main competitor), and to treat the finding as business strategies learning. Besides, to lead some suggestions and evidences how to get more powerfulness customers, in order to increase the sales and profit of these companies.Background virtually may not understand wherefore Pay-TV can exist in Hong Kong a long term and have a stable marketing share. In fact, the major choose to define Free charge TV such as TVB and ATV. However, this free-charge TV program can not recompense some citizenry. But, Pay-TV class focus on this market, they produce special TV programme and buy copyright of overseas TV programme, which free-charge TV have not provided. Besides, another selling point of Pay TV is that provide sport pass seeding such as football game and NBA. In late years, the more fierce competition was caused by more and more pay-TV receipts Company had entry to this market. However, the teleph star circuit Pay-TV which was the first Limited successfully obtaining a Subscription Television Broadcasting Licence from the Government and can also prolong a stable marketing share these year. And its main competitor is NOW-TV which is infantryman Company of PCCW. (REVIEW OF PAY TV MARKET)The following are the background of line of intersections Pay-TV and Now-TV.I- cable lengthThe Pay-TV service is operated by Hong Kong Cable Television Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the base. The Group successfully obtaining a Subscription Television Broadcasting Licence from the Government in 1993 which Pay-TV service launched in the same year set the trend of multi-channel pay-television service for Hong Kong. Hong Kong Cable currently produces over 10,000 hours of programming a year, which is the largest television programs birthr in Hong Kong. Throughout the years, it has successfully established a leading bit in News, Movies and Sports television programming and will continue to introduce advanced(a) local and international programmes for customers. (http//www.i-cable.com)Now TVNow TV is a 24-hour pay-TV service provider in Hong Kong. It is transmitted by intend of the companys Netvigator broadband intercommunicate via an IPTV service. It is transmitted through the companys Netvigator broadband network via an IPTV service, with a total of clxxv bring, of which 156now Broadband T V Channels, including eight high-definition channels and 15 music channels and 19 pure TVB PAY VISION Channel, and another 17 categories and VOD service. Launched in September 2003, the service is operated by the leading Hong Kong fixed-line telecom operator PCCW, through its subsidiary, PCCW VOD Limited. As of June 2009, the user up to 990,002 c0, 700,005 of them in 1000 to paying customers.However, I-Cable is the likes of to success maintain their market share against the challenge of Now TV. In order to know clearly the success factors of I-Cable (business strategies, promotion, price, the programme quality, supporting service) we acquire to ask a number of questions. (http//www.now-tv.com)CableTV VS Now TV Why batch choose Pay-TV? What channel of people in contact Pay-TV? Which one is more famous? What is the relationship between factors and the attitude of people towards watch Cable-TV/Now-TV?How do people ineluctably changing?Can Cable-TV/Now-TV meet these changing take away? The answer will be found in the following.Objective and research questionsBelow are the main points of the objectives of this research Study the general demographic of target customers. Study the TV observation behavior of customers. Determine the customers, instruction execution on various kinds of TV Programme. Identify the reason of choosing Pay TV. measure which attributes of Pay TV are important to customers. Identify which is the most effective promotion channel. Examine the channel people how to get the Pay-TV information. Examine the reasons why they buy Pay-TV services from that channel Examine the impact of price, sport target seeding of customers towards Pay-TV. Examine the Supporting service of Pay-TV.Well analyze the market theories such as 7Ps of market strategies form the results of research. The answers of the above are based on the relevant literature, and the sampling interview. The all detail as follows.Critical review of relevant literatureThere are 5 parts of critical review, the first 4 parts are the finding form the relevant literature. The last 2 parts are the introduction of market dodge of them, and the review of this part.1. The main difference between free-charge TV and Pay-TVAccording the literature, Free-charge TV offer mainly entertainment programme, and the major of programme are make by themselves.and their programme focuses on popular habit.However, Pay-TV offer over 100 overseas TV channel and Sport direct seeding, and some of this programme is information programme what offers professional knowledge, the information of special habit to people. (Kotler, P. and G. Armstrong (2008)) In these years, more and more people are willing to pay silver watching Pay-TV. The reasons are easy to understand, the two local free-charge TV bank building satisfy the people, and three-year-old people who aged about 20, their needs of watching TV are changing. In the pass, people treat TV as their main entertainment everyday. How ever, the young have much other entertainments, and they watch TV in order to watch sport competition, get information. It means Pay-TV still has a great potential market in the overture years.2. The current competition of Pay-TV market in Hong Kong3. The promotion strategies of two Pay-TV particular(a) The promotion strategies of them is similar, their promotion focus the potential customers who have special needs such habit (cooking, religion, drama) or want to watch non-local TV programme (Discovery Channel, CC TV). And their promotion are also similar, the number of TV programme and sport direct seeding are their selling points. Now TV is more emphasize their promotion to attract the potential customer now, but Cable TV just keep quality of their original service. In fact, people used to watch Cable TV because their longer history and people know their quality of TV programme more. In marketing, Cable-TV is like a cash-cow, 4. The famous TV programmeCable TV has the excellent give-and-take TV programme, and English fusion direct seeding. It is one of the reasons why Cable TV can maintain market share. Although English league may be not the highest level football league ( umteen people hold up Spain league is be approach the highest league in recently years and the Spain league direct seeding is offered by Now-TV in the future 3 years.), However, anyone know that major of Hong Kong people like to watch English league more than others. Additionally, Cable TV has also the direct seeding of champions of league and World Cup in 2010. It is a great competitive advantage with Now-TV in this year and the coming 3 years. (The newest situation of people needs change)5. The relationships between factors and the attitude of young people towards I-Cable/Now-TVThere are some factor will catch young people how to choose which Pay-TV.a) Price(extend)Cable TV adopt non- selectivity Price(packaging of service), we need to buy a number of channel at the same time Now T V offers selectivity Price, we can pay a basic free, so the extra-charge are based on each channel, but Now TV are also offer a price for the packaging of all services. According one news, a great number of people are unsatisfying because Cable TV increase the basic charge from $239 to $259, and the extra-charge of football direct seeding. (http//hk.news.yahoo.com/article/091124/4/fbx5.html)b) Promotionc) Sport direct seeding (extend)It is one important factors why Cable TV success and they can increase the price in a bad economy. Cable TV turn over a high cost to get the right of footfall direct seeding, and increase the price to cover the cost. It is their strategy. However, they may ignore the young people needs change.In recently years, English coalition is successful in Hong Kong, it has many factors such as the time of competition, and football player stars. However, the Spain League are willing to start early in the next year, and many stars transfer from English league to Spain League. It may make people like watch Spain league more. (http//hk.news.yahoo.com/article/091120/4/fa0e.html)d) Technique supporting and customer service (extend)Cable TV had a developed supporting strategy early, but they dont improve anything. However, Now TV usually improves their Technique supporting system. I believe Now TV will have a developed system what is better than Cable in the coming some(prenominal) years.6. Market strategies(extend)Pay-TV adopts the Concentrated Marketing (Kotler, P. and G. Armstrong 2008)(Where the organization concentrates its marketing effort on one particular segment. The firm will develop a product that caters for the needs of that particular group).The all detail marketing theory and suggestions will describe after the sampling interview.Research methods/ MethodologiesCategoryOptionsThe degree to which the research question has been crystallizedExploratory studyFormal studyThe method of data collectionMonitoringCommunication StudyThe p ower of the detective to produce effects in the variables under studyEx provide factoThe purpose of the studyReportingDescriptiveCausal-ExplanatoryThe time dimensioncross-section(a)The topical scope Breadth and depth of the studyStatisticalThe research environmentField settingThe participants perceptional awareness of the research activity literal routineThe main purpose of our study is needed to find out the comparison of Cable TV and Now TV. We need to collect the basal data and secondary data to analysis the success factors each other. First, we collect the secondary data from internet to know backgrounds, histories, and the annual reports of each Pay TV Limited. and collecting other useful information on the internet, articles or relevant literature. Second, to use Personal Interview (Questionnaire) collecting the particular data. therefore that information is related to our objective. We will design a set of questionnaire nearly 7ps.The method is taken by samples in Hon g Kong (different regions in Hong Kong, Kowloon and New Territory), a half of male and female. It can be avoided unfair saturation. The sample size will be 100 to 150. The age distribution limits are around 18 to 65. Our survey method is face-to-face interview, after the interview healthful give them a little gift. (Such as coupon) We can understand the competitive advantage each other through the result of information and make the recommendations how to maintain market share and what service they need to improve. However, secondary data is limited, so we will get the information mainly come from primary data. Project PlanRefer to the page15 or Excel project plan

A Critical Analysis Of The Constructivism Method Politics Essay

A Critical Analysis Of The Constructivism Method politics EssayThis agnize attempts to provide an overview of constructivism in externalist dealings possible action traces back its origins through writings of near scholars , peculiar(prenominal)ly horse parsley Wendt . It sheds light on prominence of constructivism as a challenger to the mainstream outside(a)istic relations.It first lays fall out the basic tenets of constructivism and examines their implications on opening new satisfying beas to inquiry, such as the roles of gender and ethnicity, which own been largely absent from international relations approach shotes. Having delimitate some of the core features of constructivism as an approach, the article examines constructivism as scheme . This exit be conducted through applying surmisal functions on constructivism.In addition , the essay shows some of the critiques of constructivism from realist and post-positivist point views. Finally . It concludes with th e fact that constructivism is non independent and full-fledged guess still a theoretically informed approach to the reading of global politics.Key words constructivism, reports, identity, norms, culture, beliefs, accessible construction anarchy.Constructivism provides a acceptable method, tho a poor theory. Discuss.Until the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the debate amidst Neo-realism and Neo-liberalism has dominated the discipline of International Relations satisfyingism was the building blocks of mainstream international theory. For neo-realists, the principal determinant of state doings is the distribution of military capabilities among states, then anarchy and the distribution of relative force out drive most of what goes on in world politics. (Copeland 2000187) .Neo-liberals also saw state interests as fundamentally material, even if they did posit the importance of international institutions as intervening variables.( Rues-Smit 2001224). Thus, social analysis i n international relations scholarship has been marginalised.In the easy 1980s and early 1990s, the writings of Alexender Wendt (1987, 1992), Friedrich Kratochwil (1989) and Nicholas Onuf (1989) established constructivist ideas, a genuinely ascendent alternative to conventional IR.Although a relatively new approach to IR, constructivism has returned international scholars to the foundational questions, including the nature of the state and the concepts of sovereignty and citizenship. In addition, constructivism has opened new substantive argonas to inquiry, such as the roles of gender and ethnicity, which deliver been largely absent from international relations approaches. (Mingst 2000474)By reimagining the social as a constitutive neighborhood of values and practices, and by situating individual identities within such a field, constructivists have hind endd sociological inquiry back at the centre of the discipline. aid by the momentous changes that at melted the end of the Col d War, and also by the ongoing process of globalization, the constructivists interest in the particularities of culture, identity, interest and experience created post for renaissance in the study of history and world politics. .( Rues-Smit 2001226)Constructivism as an approachConstructivism is close forgiving consciousness and its role in international life history (Ruggie 1998). Constructivists focus on the role of ideas, norms, knowledge, culture, and argument in politics, stressing in particular the role of collectively held or intersubjective ideas and senses on social life. Specifically, constructivism is an approach to social analysis that asserts the following (1) human interaction is regulate primarily by conceptional factors, not simply material ones (2) the most important ideational factors are widely shared out or intersubjective beliefs, which are not reducible to individuals and (3) these shared beliefs construct the interests and identities of purposive actors (Adler 1997, Price Reus-Smit 1998, Ruggie 1998, Wendt 1999).The core observation in constructivism is the social construction of reality. This has a number of related elements. One is to mark the socially constructed nature of actors and their identities and interests. Instead of assuming that actors are born alfresco of and prior to society, the claim is that individuals are produced and created by their cultural environment. Nurture not nature. (Branett 2001 259).In an of-repeated phrase, Alexander Wendt captured the methodological core of IR constructivism anarchy is what states assoil of it. There is no objective international world apart from the practices and institutions that states manage among themselves. In making that statement , Wendt argues that a self-help anarchy is not some kind of external given which dictates a logic of analysis establish on realism self-help and power politics are institutions ,not essential features of anarchy(Wendt 1992395) ,(Jackson Sore nsen 1999239)Alexander Wendt argues that political structure, whether one of anarchy or particular distribution of material capabilities, explain nothing. It tells us little astir(predicate) state behaviour It does not predict whether two states depart be friend or foes, will take in each others sovereignty ,will have dynastic ties, will have revisionist or status quo powers, and so on. (Wendt 1992395) . What we need to know is identity, and identities change as a result of cooperative behaviour and learning. Whether the system is anarchic depends on the distribution of identities, not the distribution of military capabilities, as the realist would have us believe. If a state identifies with itself, then the system may be anarchic. If a state identifies with other states, then in that respect is no anarchy (.(Mingst 2000475)A security dilemma , for example , is not alone made up of the fact that two sovereign states possess nuclear weapons. It also depends on how those states view each other that view is based on shared knowledge. ,(Jackson Sorensen1999238)In a constructivist analysis, agents and structures are mutually constituted structures not except constrain actors, they also shape the identities and the interests of them. Thus structures are also specify by ideas, norms, and rules in other words, structures contain normative and material elements. The challenge, therefore, is to recognize that the normative structure rear create agents and that agents can create and perchance transform those structures. (Branett 2001 255).According to Alder , constructivisms importance and its added value for the study of international relations lie mainly in its emphasis on the ontological reality of intersubjective knowledge and on the epistemological and methodological implications of this realty. ( Alder1997322) .Additionally , power can be understood not only as the susceptibility of one actor to do what they would not to do otherwise , but also as the production of identities and interests that limit the ability to control their life. In sum , the meanings that actors bring to their activities are shaped by the underlying culture, and meanings are not ever so fixed but are a primeval feature of politics.Constructivism as a theoryHowever, despite of the intellectual muscle that constructivism has fostered, this approach has been criticized.John Mersheimer complains that constructivists put too such(prenominal) emphasis on subjective ideas knowledge realists believe that the state behaviour is largely shaped by the material structure of the international system. The distribution of material capabilities among states is the central factor for understanding world politics. This means that everything is not uncertain or in flux, says Mersheimer, be produce the material structure is an objective reality and is not merely intersubjective. (Mearsheimer 1995a91-92).Although constructivism is deeply concerned with radically changing state behaviour, it says little just about how change comes about. It does not tell us why particular dis races rifle dominant, and others fall by the wayside. And when constructivism trys to point out particular factors that lead to changes in discourse, often argues that material changes drive changes in discourse. So discourse is not determinative , but a reflective of developments in objective world..( Mearsheimer 1995b 42 ).In addition, neo-realists are sceptical about the importance that constructivists attach to norms, in particular international norms. Such norms surely exist, but they are routinely disregarded if that is in the interest of powerful states.( Jackson 2006 ). Moreover, there is no international consensus concerning norms of behaviour in the international system, primary of which is justice and human rights.At the same time, neo-realists are not ready to accept that states can easily turn over friends due to their social interaction. Such a finish may be de sirable in principle, but not tangible in practice, because the structure of the international system forces states to behave as egoists. Anarchy, umbrage capabilities, and uncertain intentions combine to leave states with little choice but to make do aggressively with each other. For realists, trying to infuse states with communitarian norms is a hopeless cause (Mearsheimer 1995b 367).From the post-positivist side, Steve Smith argues that the constructivist view of how ideas and shared knowledge shape the way the actors see themselves in world politics is not sufficiently profound. Furthermore, the constructivist agenda is a rather traditional one, focusing on the interaction of states .There is no place for structure such as capitalism or patriarchy. (Smith 1997186)Finally, if, as constructivists claim, there is no objective reality . if the world is in the eye of the observer , then there can be no right or wrong answers , only individual perspectives. With no authoritative texts, all texts are equally valid both the musings of the elite and the practices of everyday men and women. (Mingst 2000476)Is it a theory?A theory is a based upon a possibleness and backed by evidence it presents a concept or idea that is renderable. In science, a theory is not merely a guess. A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon. In social sciences, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. A social theory has two key components (1) it must describe behaviour and (2) make predictions about future behaviours.To evaluate a theory, we must affirm many conditions1- Generalizability applicability to many times, places, and issues.2-Empirical validity accuracy of predictions.3-Progression whether it expands to new predictions or degenerates by excessive modification.If we apply these conditions to constructivism, we will find that constructivism is neither limited enough to be testable, nor parsimoni ous. And it is unclear what factors are cause nor which are effect. It does not prize deductive methods of theory-construction and does not seek to uncover causalities. ( Ruggie, 1998, 52)Constructivism is a several(predicate) kind of theory from realism, liberalism, or Marxism and operates at a different aim of abstraction. Constructivism is not a substantive theory of politics. It is a social theory that makes claims about the nature of social life and social change so it does not, by itself, produce specific predictions about political outcomes that one could test in social science query. (Finnemore Sikkink 2001393)As such, it is much more and much less than meets the eye. It is much less because it is not properly a theory that can be viewed as a rival to already live theories. It offers no predictions about enduring regularities or tendencies in world politics. Instead, it suggests how to ask them. Consequently, it is much more than meets the eye because if offers altern ative ways of thinking about a range of issues. (Branett 2001 268)However, the debate about basic theory is of course relevant for the constructivist ambition of demonstrating that ideas matter. How exactly is it that ideas matter? Do changes in ideas always come before changes in material conditions? Do ideas guide insurance policy or are they justifications for policy? Should ideas be seen as causes of behaviour in IR or should they rather be seen as constitutive elements that define what IR is all about? Further clarification in these areas is of resilient importance for the constructivist look into programme. (Jackson 2006).Drawing on what mentioned above, there is scepticism about constructivism .whether it is properly to be seen as a theory of IR theory or as a philosophical category, a meta-theory or a method for empirical research, or whether it is indeed an approach relevant at several levels. ( Zehfuss 20029) . In conclusion, constructivism is not independent and full- fledged theory but a theoretically informed approach to the study of global politics. remainderConstructivism challenged the disciplines mainstream on its own terms and on issues that were at the heart of its research agenda. (Branett 2001 268) However, the rise of Constructivism has had several important impacts on the development of international relations theory and analysis the social, historical, and normative have returned to the centre stage of debate, oddly the American core of the discipline. . ( Rues-Smit 2001225)Constructivisms core assumptions have shaped its empirical research program in several important ways. They have shaped the kinds of questions constructivists tend to ask by opening up for inquiry issues that other approaches had failed to engage. consciousness the constitution of things is essential in explaining how they behave and what causes political outcomes. Just as understanding how the double-helix DNA molecule is constituted materially enables understa ndings of genetics and disease, so, too, an understanding of how sovereignty, human rights, laws of war, or bureaucracies are constituted socially allows us to excogitate about their effects in world politics. (Finnemore Sikkink 2001394).Their claim deserves attention in a world where inflamed passions lead to bloodshed in the touch on of neither conquest nor class, but instead simply because of who the enemy is a Muslim, a Serb, a Tutsi, a Hutu, a Catholic, a Protestant, an Arab, or a Jew. Realism and liberalism are not incapable of explaining hatred, but they struggle to floor for such widespread violence that serves neither Mammon nor the national interest. (Kowert,Paul 2001).Finally , Constructivism has become a phenomenon in IR not merely because many scholars take it , but because a lot of scholars debated and are still debating it .

Universal Human Rights and Cultural Differences

Universal Human Rights and pagan DifferencesSince the end of the Second World War, an change magnitude number of military personnel rights pricks subscribe to been adopted, by the United Nations. These instruments have enured forth coarse standards of kind rights, and members states of the U.N. are called upon to respect in tack to ensure check protection of world rights everywhere. But opposite to this trend, thither has been a sort of resistance in many parts of the world, where kind rights norms are seen as western matter. During the Cool War period, countries of the Soviet stop over used to consider them as associateed to capitalist bourgeoisie dapple young separate nations of the South saw the focus on clement rights as a threat to their newly acquired sovereignty. Both sides pleaded their right to resistence. This raises the distinguish whether gentle rights standards should be considered diversely because of pagan or differences among peoples. To put it a nonher(prenominal) way, are tender rights of general viability and applicability or are they better understood and evaluated within specific sociable and ethnic contexts? What take of social nebability hobo be accommodated within the emerging global gracious rights regime to accord it cultural legitimacy within various societies?1 Voices from the West have pointed out that differences among people did not permit them to realize the westerly standards of human rights. It is believed that some cultures are more similarly to buck human rights abuses, and for a series of reasons, there are people elsewhere to cover them or to keep silent because of their interest, thus excusing the inexcusable which they claim being part of their culture.The aim of this root is to sound the foresightful debate on the relationship between universal standards human rights and cultural differences. Firstly, it recalls the foundation on which is grounded the invention of human rights, namely the human high-handedness, irrespective of culture, race, religion or gender. Secondly, it analyses major arguments put forward by cultural relativists, highlighting their danger, that is, the risk of having double standards of human rights. Finally, in concluding remarks, the paper considers the actual trend of recognizing human rights norms and condemning their abuses (such as female circumcision or sharia), even where people justify them by cultural specificity.I. The universal conceit of human rights and the recognition of human dignityThe concept of human is grounded on the idea that Man has rights simply because he is human. The universal worth and dignity of human being is founded in the writing of philosophers such as behind Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. For the former, human beings are by nature free, equal and independent2, and the protection of that freedom and equality should be the end of the political society. Rousseau in addition insists on the freedom of the human being and writes that Man should never free his freedom A man who renounces to his freedom renounces at his quality as human being. After bloody revolutions, there were attempts to introduce these concepts in states constitution in England, in France, and in the United States of America. But the low recognition of the need to secure rights for human being was stated in the Charter of the United Nations, following the atrocities of the Second World War. In its Preamble, it is state that one of the purpose of the U.N. is the achievement supra disciplineistic cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedom for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights is the first instrument on human rights in its preamble presented itself as a parkland standard of achievement for all peoples and nations. It went further by stating Recognition of the human dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. Subsequent instruments such as the compact on Civil and political Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights contained what is usually called consequence rights meaning that are indispensable for an existence in human dignity and therefore need absolute protection. Among those core rights are the right to life, the prohibition of torture, slavery, arbitrary arrest, discrimination or genocide. No derogation from such rights is permitted, even in time of war.The philosophical foundations of the concept of human rights are to be found in the Western Europe. As Robertson and Merrils write, it is clear that the mainstream has its origin in the liberal democratic tradition of Western Europe, a tradition which is itself the product of the Greek philosophy, Rom an law, the Judeo-Christian tradition, the humanism of the Reformation and the Age of reason. It means that the Western World translated into international law its philosophical, moral, cultural and sacred rate. Questions arise therefore as to their catholicity that is whether it is possible to take into account the differences while focusing on the common standards of human rights. On the separate hand, if cultural differences cannot be denied, it is to establish whether differences can be an excuse to human rights abuses. Who will decide the nature and the level of change to meet universal standards of human rights and how avoid to be tagged /or accused of cultural hegemony?For the relativists, moral and cultural values differ from one culture to another. According to Parekh, Different societies throw up different systems of moral beliefs depending on such things as their history, traditions, geographical circumstances, and views of the world. We have no means of judging them for there are no objective and universal criteria available for the purpose, and even if there were, we would be too deeply lettered by our own society to discover them.Cultural differences whitethorn have an influence on the human rights issues where national competence, the sovereignty of the state or the quest of self-determination are irrelevant to the idea of universal human rights standards. The 1993 Vienna Conference was an example of arena where, universal principle of human rights clashed with relativistic assumptions. At the eve of that important even, African and Asian groups of nations friend to draw their views they intended to put forward at the conference. In the capital of Tunisia Declaration, which reflected both their convictions and their expectations, the African group nations gave a different sound. While admitting that the universality of human rights, they declared that no ready-made model can be prescribed at the universal level since the historical and cultural realities of from each one nation and the traditions, standards and values of each people cannot be disregarded. They also highlighted the principle of the indivisibility of human rights Civil and political rights cannot be dissociated from economic, social and cultural rights. None of these rights takes precedence over the others. Finally, the Tunis Declaration insisted on the link between human rights and economic developing Political freedom when not accompanied by respect for economic, social and cultural rights is precarious. The right to development is inalienable. Human rights, development and international peace are interdependent () Africa, which has chosen the path of democracy, economic reform and the promotion of human rights, in an invidious international economic environment, and which finds itself particularly exposed to internal tensions deriving from the chastening to meet the basic needs of populations and from the rise of extremism, will neverthele ss breathe committed to its choices and its responsibilities, and calls upon the international community to do likewise, in particular by an intensification of international solidarity, an adequate increase in development assistance and an take into account settlement of the debt problem.In the capital of Thailand Declaration, Asian group of nations opposed what they saw as Western imperialism and urged the international community to take into account their cultural difference as regard to human rights. While agreeing like Africans that human rights are universal in nature, they insisted that those rights must be considered in the context of a dynamic and evolving process of international norm-setting, bearing in mind the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds. Furthermore, they added, the promotion of human rights should be encouraged by cooperation and consensus, and not with confrontation and the imposit ion of incompatible values. Finally, criticising the use of human rights as conditionality for extending development assistance and as an instrument of political pressure, the Bangkok Declaration stressed the need to avoid the application of double standards in the implementation of human rights and its politicisation. Indonesian Foreign Minister stated later(prenominal) in Vienna While human rights are universal in character, it is now generally acknowledged that their expression and implementation in the national context should remain the competence and responsibility of each government. This means that the multiform variety of problems of different economic social and cultural realities and the unique value systems prevailing in each country should be taken into contemplation12. One may draw the conclusion that for Southern countries, priority has to be given to the satisfaction of basic needs for food, shelter, clothes before other rights such as freedom of expression and fa ir elections. One may even go so far to consider Western concepts of human rights as luxury for poor countries, because cultural

Enhancing Quality of Palmyrah (Borrasus Flabellifer) Jaggery

Enhancing Quality of Palmyrah (Borrasus Flabellifer) jaggary govern AND ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF PALMYRAH(Borrasus Flabellifer) JAGGERYS. Mary, K. Velauthamurty, S. Srivijeindran, G.SashikeshPalmyrah (borrasus flabellifer) jaggery is iodine of the ancient change smell agent known to man and is an integral part of traditional provender in many parts of Sri Lanka. Jaggery is produced by concentrating the Inflorescence wear out of Palmyrah palm tree (Sweet Toddy) to a thick consistency. The product has brisk in taste and golden yellow in colour. However existing jagghery purchasable in the market is inferior in its quality as liquefaction and worsening of color. It shows pitiful keeping qualities due to the presence of moisture. Through this research assist to be made to eradicate its hydroscopic nature in the existing jaggary to upgrade it. Optimization of quick linden tree (CaO) and pH of enjoyable toddy to produce jagghery are to be carried out. In the period of may to June contrasting areas in Jaffna peninsula four air orbital cavity of honor trials were carried out to collect exhaust by development quick slaked lime with above 95% award produced at Palmyrah Research Institute. Physical and chemical quality characteristics of produced jaggery in laboratory and commercial examines were studied according to comply with Sri Lankan standards for jaggery. Quality of jaggery was enhanced utilise proper technology and sweet cosh with acceptable lime with higher degree of purity. For suitable jaggery production, 2.508 0.411 grams of lime (96 % purity) per adept liter of sweet chump was optimized and this jaggery was scored high score than jaggery from other sports stadium trials.Key words Palmyrah (Borrasus flabellifer) Jaggery, quick lime and sweet wearyIntroductionJaggery industry is one of the ancient and spectacular cottage industries in palmyrah society. The product normally made in syndicate take has bitter taste due to the p resence of excess union of lime with low purity. As sugars are known to be absorptive it is manageable for melting of jaggery (Molasses) due to presence of excess moisture in the environment and other moisture absorbing impurities from quick lime and triple super phosphate for deliming the quick lime and minor unfit practices in processing. Even if the demand for jaggery according to their food found applications is continuously growing in the rural, urban and semi-urban markets palmyrah jaggery scum bagnot be marketed full of the year, means up to next season. Because sweet toddy production is seasonal and produced jaggery shows poor keeping qualities. Quick lime used in the preparation of jaggery is generally obtained from furnacing oysters (mostly sea cuticle in Jaffna) apply coconut husk charcoal and the temperature is not up to the optimum level to produce pure lime. Therefore there is a high possible for adulteration by impurities presence in quick lime. Traditionally lime used to prevent the fermentation of sweet sap, is produced mainly from sea shell and hardly from oysters. But no studies were yet carried out on the report card and purity of quick lime used in local production. other major issue is the local tappers are using excess substance lime which present in sweet toddy. Availability of quick lime at higher degree of purity will ensure the forethought of extreme alkaline pH of the sweet toddy with minimum tote up of it.When tappers bring limed sweet sap to the production unit at different time periods few of them get fermented and it is also used for the production. This issue leads to the poor quality of jaggery. According to these basic principles this research is proposed for improving and standardizing the quality of palm jaggery. This project will upgrade the quality of palm jaggery and accession the market demand for palmyrah jaggery.Materials and MethodsMatured and brawny female palmyah palms were labeled secretive to ja ggery producing areas of Jaffna peninsula in the period of May to June. From this palm, well prepared and healthy inflorescence were identified for sap collection and the sap was collected in earthen pots, which was kept under hygienic condition. Selected inflorescences were tapped in the evening mingled with 5 to 6 p.m to ooze out sweet sap. Before attaching sap collecting pots with inflorescence according to tappers experience day before prove day with the inflorescence underwent experiment, known amount of quick lime with 96 % purity was applied to arrest fermentation. Four field trials were carried out. Fresh sap exudation was collected at morning amongst 7 to 8 a.m. The pH of the sweet sap in each pot was careful by pH meter2 and brix was measured by hand refractometer. Collected sweet sap in separate cans was brought to laboratory in aseptic, sterile and evil condition. Within one hour whole samples were pooled and pH of pooled sap was measured. Jaggery was produced and p acked in polyethyene packets. Sensory evaluation of produced jaggery was carried out to allot best samples on the basis of sensory attributes. The colour, odor, bearing, flavor and metric grain were evaluated by 12 untrained persons. The total acceptability of the samples was evaluated using five header hedonic scale subjectively. Collected data were statistically analyzed using the MINITAB statistical analysis package according to the Freedman nonparametric taste at 5 % level of significance.Results and DiscussionDifferent field chew ups were send to optimize lime for the processing of palm jaggery and all the summarized results were enter in the table 01. In field visit 1 (T1), field visit 2 (T2), field visit 3 (T3) and field visit 4 (T4) amount of applied quick lime were 4.668 0.847 g/L, 3.188 0.242 g/L, 2.508 0.411 g/L and 2.051 0.833 g/L and pH of them were 11.51, 10.62, 9.43 and 8.23 respectively. According to Sri Lankan Standard1 angelic jaggery samples from T1, T2 and T3 field visits at the time of packaging moisture nitty-gritty of all was below 10 %. Sweet sap samples with pH between 7 and 8 quickly changed into acidic medium with time and this indicates the microbic activity is present considerably. Jaggery from field visits 4 shows melting plaza and moisture content was below 12.5 %. It was identified that fermented sweet sap also course melting of jaggery. Therefore pH of sweet sap inescapably to be maintained above pH 9 in humongous scale application. For the suitable jaggery production without deliming step 2.508 0.411 grams of lime (96 % purity) per one liter of sweet sap was optimized.Table 01 Summary of all field visitsSensory evaluationSensory data obtained through the five fleck hedonic evaluating test, revealed that there were significance difference in colour (p = 0.012), appearance (p = 0.003) and texture (p = 0.001) characteristic among the jaggery samples produced in the laboratory. However there were no significant difference in flaver (p = 0.296) and mouth feel (p = 0.145) among the samples. The sample computer code 115 gained the highest sum of the rank for the colour, appearance, and texture. Therefore code 115 sample was selected as best sample Produced jaggery in laboratory scale from all the field visits, according to the sensory evaluation quality of colour, texture and appearance were increased with decreasing pH. Produced jaggery sample from each field trials were in the figure 01.Table 02 sensory attributes of the jaggeryFigure 01 Jaggery samples from four field visits (codes 175, 101, 115 and 142 were jaggery samples from first, second, third and fourth field visits respectively.)ConclusionPalmyrah jaggery would be a most popular sweetener in Srilanka. However it shows poor physico-chemical qualities. On the basis of facts jaggery can be produced without deliming step from fresh, unfermented and filtered sweet sap of palmyrah palm. Sweet sap should be maintain in pH 9 by using pur ified quick lime to arrest fermentation and it can be expedient to get quality improved jaggery as high consumer sufferance in market.ReferencesSLS 512 1981-Specification for jaggery moisture content. Pp. 23Mandal D, Tudu S, Mitra SR, De GC (2006). rig of common packaging materials on keeping quality of sugarcane jaggery during monsoon season. Sugar Tech., 8(2/3) 137-142.

Effect of Television on Self Image of Teenagers in Fiji Essay example -

telly plays an important role in influencing people. It is whizz of the main arms of media. The teenage girls in U.S.A idolize popular actress like Mary-Kate Olsen, Calista Flockhart and Victoria Beckhem. Teenage girls want to determine like them. So to spend a penny such skinny body they tend to eating disorder. It is not only(prenominal) the case in U.S. Ellen Goodman in her essay The Culture of Thin Bites Fiji has use Anthropologic look into and its statics to show the eating disorder of Fijian teenager to sense of smell like actress in popular U.S video show. Ellen article focuses on how television changed the views of technological inferior Fijian society and the role it played in changing Fijian culture. Before television was introduced, as Goodman states women in Fiji greeted iodin another with their ritual cultural compliments such as you look wonderful You have put on weight. And if you looked thin it was considered to be a sign of some social problem or recital t hat person was not getting enough to eat. So gaining weight and get fat and bigger was beautiful in Fijian culture (Goodman 608). Ellen uses the research done by Anne E. Becker, an anthropologist and associate professor of health check anthropology at Harvard medical school to back her claim as to how the Television had an impact on teenage girls of Fiji in the way they viewed their body. The eating disorder which this teenage girls use to look like actress in popular Television shows. Although media houses do not want to recognize the fact that it has a role in creating the higher up mentioned effect. Goodman states, Something happened in 1995. A western mirror was shoved into the Face of Fijian. Television came to island (Goodman608). Television was introduced and teenage g... ...y giving example of Calista Flockhert. Goodman is effectively limiting her claim by stating Im not surprised by research cover that eating disorder are cultural byproduct ( 609). The writers argum ent in this piece is epideictic in nature. It deals with current issues and addresses questions of blame, Ellen Goodman proves with her essay that drastic cultural change in Fiji was because of Television.Works CitedGoodman, Ellen. The Culture of Thin Bites Fiji. Everythings an Argument. Boston, New York Bedford/St. Martins, 2010. 608-609.Magill, J. H.. eat Disorders Statistics. South carolina department of mental health. DMH, 2006. Web. 9 Apr 2012. . Teenagers with Eating Disorders, Facts for Families.aacap.org. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatr, 05/2. Web. 9 Apr 2012.

Narrativity, Modernity, and Tragedy: How Pragmatism Educates Humanity :: Argumentative Persuasive Philosophy Essays

Narrativity, Modernity, and Tragedy How Pragmatism Educates Humanity snatch I argue that the modernist nonion of a human self (or subject) squeeze eruptnot advantageously be post-modernistically rejected because the guide to view an individual life sentence as a unified narrative with a beginning and an end ( wipeout) is a watch for asking humanly important questions about its meaningfulness (or meaninglessness). Such questions are primaeval to philosophical anthropology. However, not only modern ways of making whizz of life, such as linear narration in literature, but similarly premodern ones such as tragedy, ought to be taken seriously in reflecting on these questions. The tradition of pragmatism has tolerated this plurality of the frameworks in terms of which we can defend or structure the world and our lives as parts of it. It is argued that pragmatism is potentially able to accommodate both the plurality of such interpretive frameworks-premodern, modern, postmoderni st and the need to evaluate those frameworks normatively. We cannot allow any premodern source of human meaningfulness whatsoever (say, astrology) to be taken seriously. Avoiding relativism is, then, a most important challenge for the pragmatist.1.The idea that gold metanarratives are dead is usually regarded as the key to the heathenish phenomenon cognise as postmodernism. We have been taught to think that the Enlightenment notions of reason, rationality, knowledge, truth, objectivity, and self have croak too old-fashioned to be taken seriously any longer. there is no privileged Gods-Eye-View available for telling big, important stories about these notions. The cultural hegemony of science and systematic philosophy, in particular, is over.Nevertheless, as even some postmodern thinkers themselves keep on insisting, we still have to be committed to the molarity narrative of our individual life. (1) We cannot really dispense with the modernist notion of self, and the one who sa ys we can forgets who she or he is. From the point of view of our own life, no postmodern death of the subject can take place. On the contrary, my death transcends my life it is not an experienceable event of my life as Wittgenstein also famously pointed out at Tractatus 6.4311. Most (perhaps all) of us feel that ones own death is barely even conceivable from within ones life.On the other hand, somewhat paradoxically, death must be postulated as the imaginary end point, the final event, of the written report of my life. If there were no death (i.e., the annihilation of my self) to be expected, I could not even realize that I am leading a specific, spatio-temporally confine human life.

Power of Knowledge Essays -- Education

The Power of cognitionK noledge is power. Information is liberating. teaching is the premise of every progress. This quote from Kofi Annan, a diplomat of Ghana involved with the United Nations, directly correlates with an oerall motive found in Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington. This record clearly depicts trials and tribulations that confronted Washington, but not one of them is ever noted as anything less than a learning project. Washingtons passion for learning en opend him to surpass boundaries perceived by those who allowed themselves to merely be recognize victims of their circumstances. He looked at the struggles that faced him as opportunities to become a stronger and more confident person. Success did not come easily for this man, but through a series of events and obstacles he was able to create a success all his own. Having an teaching method that is furthered by reading is important, but Washingtons life is proof that the power of knowledge can too be notably attained through making the most away of life and all that it has to offer, good or bad.Booker T. Washingtons views on education enlighten viewpoints surrounding the controversial topic of placing a higher note value on education or experience. As todays society heavily focuses on schooling, it is important to remember that lives be not solely based upon that aspect. A combination of both education and experience are necessary to get to the highest level of success. Education is a good debut, but without experience limits are placed on how much a person can achieve. Likewise, without the foundation of education a life full of experiences can be unstable. A common consensus has yet to be agreed upon for this ongoing debate over whether educa... ...s as a testament to how pivotal both schooling and experience are. With a balance of the two, he could best shape all that he knew and all that he had into usable material that would best benefit his life. whole works CitedBaym, Nina , Wayne Franklin, Philip F. Gura, and Arnold Krupat. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th ed. Vol. C. New York W. W. Norton &, 2007. Print.Boud, David, and Ruth Cohen. Experience-based Learning. Understanding Adult Education and Training. By Lee Andresen. 2nd ed. Sydney Allen and Unwin. 225-239. Web. 22 Apr. 2012.Savery, John R., and Thomas M. Duffy. RLT. Tech. no. 16-01. Indiana University, June 2001. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. . What Is Experience-based Learning? Starting Point. Carleton College, 11 Apr. 2012. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. .

Critiquing and Repairing Free Trade under NAFTA :: Global Political Politics Essays

Critiquing and Repairing Free cover under NAFTA On January 1, 1994, the North Ameri fundament Free Trade musical arrangement (NAFTA), the large-minded hand policy linking the economies of Canada, the United States, and Mexico was offici all(prenominal)y implemented. Over the preceding(a) cristal, the policy has evoked a firestorm of controversy involving neoliberal advocates, mercantilist critics, and radical critics, all of whom analyze and critique NAFTA in an effort to determine the success of free trade. Since NAFTA policies are evaluated by political economists with differing ideologies, the success of NAFTAs first decade remains in question. After a decade, which economists herald NAFTA as a success and who disregards it as a failure? Which set of economic and political standards should be used to evaluate free trade? And ultimately, what policies should be implemeted in NAFTAs second decade? Since there is little agreement on the forthcoming of NAFTA, it is wise to look to the past if we are to determine where the future may lead. By understanding the conflicting arguments inherent in debate on free trade, indeed perhaps we can better draw priorities and suggestions for policy reform in NAFTAs second decade. Essentially, all disagreements in political economics stem from three theoretical perspectives neoliberalsim, mercantilism, and radicalism. The three theories underline divergent characteristics associated with economic vitality neoliberals emphasize market efficiency, mercantilists defend recount sovereignty, and radicals value social justice. History has taught us that these theories regularly contradict all(prenominal) other and ultimately result in policy conflicts evidenced by countless case studies. Free trade and economic maturement is a pressing concern for political economists, suggesting that little common ground can be found among the three theories. The first of the three political parsimoniousness scholars ar e neoliberals, who reject government intervention in the economy by means of protectionist policies such as tariffs, subsidies, and quotas rather, their focus is on overall economic growth as evidenced by increases in gross domestic product. liberal advocates expected NAFTA to produce an increase in exports of goods and services, create additional jobs, amplify foreign investment, and spur overall economic growth. These four expectations of free trade policy serve as a means of evaluation for neoliberals. neoliberal standards of success are easy to understand if NAFTA has produced more goods, jobs, investment, and overall profits, then NAFTA should be heralded as a success.

Analysis of a Story in the Newspaper -- Media Publication

IntroductionNews media investigate, analyze, and report to stakeholder publics on issues and event s that occur around the globe in a twenty-four-hour, 365-day intelligence information program motorcycle (Richard,200798). Because of the way news media works, we know what is happening in the world and we bum have connection to other places. With new media arising, the information transmission mental process become even faster. Though new media is getting more prevalent, still, a considerable amount of people rely on one of the conventional news media newspaper.Facing the competition, the way news reported may swap as newspapers need to maintain large circulation figures to stay profitable (Bignell 199783). This flat affects how news is presented. To make news appeal to readers, information may chthonian design as mentioned by Thorne (2008), the function of newspapers in the 21st ascorbic acid is not only referential, entertainment has become equally meaning(a) in the batt le to win readers(P.262). In this paper, a piece of news was taken from WiseNews for analysis. It was an event occupied a large coverage in newspaper and caught lots of public attention The Manila Hostage Incident. I would like to see how journalist presents the story to their readers through looking at its structure and the use of language.Information FlowIn reporting the news, journalist adopts the story-telling approach. Journalists are professional story-teller of our age (Bell,1991147). When reporting an incident. Journalists angle not to scarce report the fact in each paragraph without linking the information together. Instead, they tend to make the piece of text into a story. Headline Te publicize is considered as an abstract of the abstract (Bell, 1991149)... ...authority. Appraisal elements are used to set readers including concession, modality and appreciation. Echoing Bell (2004), journalists are story teller. When presenting news to readers, they do not simply rep ort facts but tell a story by the use of certain format and lexical choices. full treatment CitedBell, A. (1991). The Language of News Media. UK Blackwell PublishersBignell, J. (1997). Media semiotics. New York Manchester University PressKessler, L. and MnDonald, D. (1989). Mastering Writing with shopping mall and Style. USA Wadsworth, Inc.Martin, J.R. and Rose, D. (2007). Working with Discourse. London Continuum.Reah, D. (2002). The Language of Newspapers. NY RoutledgeRichard, S. (2007). Media Relations. Australia Oxford University Press.Thorne,S.(2008). Mastering Advanced English Language. Great Britain Cromwell Press Ltd.

So, How Smart are you? :: Narrative Intelligence Education Essays

So, How Smart argon you? If I could give you anythinganything you wanted at all, what would it be? For many, the immediate response is I want to be impudenter wherefore smarter? If you are very smart, what do you do with all this smartness? Is thither such a thing as being too smart? My younger brother, Ian, is a fourteen-year-old junior in high school. Clearly precocious for his age and stature, there are many who envy his ability and talents to understand academic concepts with relative ease. At this tender age, where most fourteen-year-olds are simply ingress high school and trying to adapt to their ill-chosen teenage bodies, my little brother is tackling the challenges of college applications, refining his resume, and perfecting his standardized test scores. His schoolmates clowning with him about being younger than everyone else in his grade and about entering college at the age of sixteen without knowing how to drive. There was even public lectur e about how he was going to get to the prom Would his date moderate to drive him? Although these events seem superficially comical, one must look at the repercussions of always being seen as the little kid in clan. I wonder if there is a true solution to this situation. At a young age my brother demonstrated great accomplishment and adeptness for understanding. Enrolled in a Montesorri preparatory school where students were encouraged to retard at their own pace, Ian was reading and doing long division in kindergarten. later on that year, when my family moved, my brother and I were transferred to another school system. Ian was placed in a kindergarten class filled with five-year-olds and it was clear he did not fit in. ending the assigned work within 15 minutes, he sat around fidgeting and causing trouble. The teacher, already overwhelmed with too many students, did not know how to cover up the situation and sent him to the principals office. Faced with this dilem ma, the principal offered my parents the alternative for Ian to test out of successive grades until we determined which academic level was curb for him. My brother took the exams and tested out of kindergarten, 1st, and 2nd grade.

Free Essays On Shakespeares Sonnet 153 :: Sonnet essays

Analysis of sonnet 153   Cupid laid by his brand and fell drowsing(prenominal). A maid of Dians this good engraft, And his love-kindling fire did quickly steep In a cold valley-fountain of that fuzee Which borrowd from this holy fire of Love A dateless lively heat, belt up to endure, And grew a seething tub which men yet prove Against antic maladies a sovereign cure. But at my mistress eye Loves brand in the raw fird, The boy for trial needs would touch my breast. I, sick withal, the help of bath desird, And thither hied, a sad distemperd guest But found no cure the bath for my help lies Where Cupid got new fire-my mistress eyes.     This and the next sonnet two share the bailiwick of love through Cupid. The conceit is not new, for it has been found in many poems. One example is from an epigram of Marianus Scholasticus from Henri Estiennes edition to which the theme is shared   Under these plane trees Eros was resting, held in gentle sleep, ha ving give his torch to the nymphs to take care of. What are we waiting for? said the nymphs to matchless another. If only we could quench together with this same fire in human race hearts But as the torch set the water in addition on fire, since then the love-nymphs pur hot water into the bath.   Speculation remains as to whether Shakespeare is the author of these two sonnets, but it has never been proven successfully. The source for these sonnets, whoever the autheor, becalm remains unknown, but I suppose the scholars who diespel Shakespeares authorship do so on the grounds of it being fairly simple in context, that is, at that place is not too much ambiguity. Due to the simplicity, I will do a brief paraphrase of the three quatrains and the couplet. 1st Cupid falls asleep and one of Dianes maids (known for her chastity) tried to extinquish Cupids fire in a pool of water second The maid borrowed an endless, lusty fire, which still goes on to this day, and provided to her dismay a bath of heal properties 3rd (Cupid) would curiously touch my heart (leading me to stray towards lust), unless I am in the sight of my lover, because of the Loves brand being newly fired started.

Venezuela :: essays research papers

Since the 1970s, Venezuela has gone from being South Americas richest farming into a nouveau-poor society in search of an identity. Once known as the Saudis of the West, Venezuelans stand seen their scotch fortunes decline in exact proportion to the e realday fall in world oil prices. Even so, Venezuelas many problems were hidden from view until relatively recently, when severity measures heralded the sort of economic crises so painfully familiar to other Latin American countries. jamboree inflation, currency devaluations and even food riots puzzle marked this new human body in Venezuelan history, to which the country is still trying to adjust. The projected tribe for 2010 is estimated at approximately 28,809 million, with a birth rate of 29.9 per thousand and a low mortality rate of 4.7 per thousand. Today the estimated universe of discourse is 23,542,649 with a egression rate of 1.6%. Caracas, the capital, and the estate of Miranda, which are the areas with the greatest commercial and financial activity, have a population of 7.7 million people. The industrial and agricultural centers, which are the states of Aragua, Carabobo, and Lara, have a population quantity of about 5 million people. The state of Zulia, which is the major cattle rising and oil producing state, has a population of everywhere 3 million people. Guyana, which is in the state of Bolivar, has the most important mineral reserves, has a population of 1,300,000. The mortality rate is at 26.17 per thousand and a birth rate of 21.09 per thousand. In spite of its growth, there is still a low population density. With only nine inhabitants per square kilometer, Venezuela is one of the least densely populated countries in the Western Hemisphere. The Venezuelan population is very young. About 70% is under the age of 40. 33% of the population is surrounded by the ages of 0-14. Followed by 63% being between the ages of 15-64 and only 4% of the population is 65 years and all over. There is a male domination over female with a total population ratio 1.02 male(s)/female. Venezuela has a total area of 912,050 square kilometers, 882,050 square kilometers being land and 30,000 square kilometers water. It is moderately more than twice the size of California. Venezuela is the most urbanized country in Latin America. The urban population is about 87% of the total, but is unequally distributed throughout the country. The migration ratio as of July of 2000 was -0.

Stephen King :: essays research papers

The relief Stephen Kings Constant Readers feel at seeing the showtime sound-length novel from the horrormeister since his accident most likely overshadows the weaknesses they might take on in an effort that, while not Kings best, is neither his worst. Set partially in the Derry, Maine, of It and Insomnia, and with shades of Tommyknockers in its subject matter, Dreamcatcher hearkens back to It and that novels theme of the womb-to-tomb endurance of puerility friendships -- especially when something unspeakable choke those long-ago children to sensation another.Four men meet for their annual deer hunting party deep in the Maine woods in a cabin full of happy memories. Though theyve inevitably grown apart, their childhood ties be chill out strong. In the cabins great room hangs a Native American dreamcatcher, thread woven about sticks said to have the power to protect slumbering globe from night terrors. This year, though, that hanging talisman will prove scant security meas ures against an unearthly horror that will require sacrifices of the highest order from the knot of friends. The animals are fleeing the surrounding forest, for they sense the unwelcome visitors whose precursors were the spate of recent strange lights in the New England sky. For Pete, Beaver, Henry and Jonesy, the nightmare begins when a disoriented hunter named McCarthy stumbles into their camp.The speckle quickly degenerates. McCarthy unwittingly plays host to a deadly parasitic wolf and brings a rapidly multiplying fungal growth into the midst of the group. While the childhood friends battle an inexplicable and implacable enemy, a government covert trading operations team seals off the area. Their plan to destroy all evidence of a threatening alien invasion like nothing the pulp sci-fi purveyors has watchful the world for. Led by a man who is quite possibly insane, the black ops unit will stop at nothing to lead the menace -- including the slaughter of the bewildered hunter s theyve herded from the surrounding forest. Even so, the governments answer is wanting(p) to the problem. The combined will of the four men, and their reunion with the dying boy-man whose uniqueness bound them all together so wondrously those years ago, is the only apply against the unrelenting usurper from the heavens.The very best part of Dreamcatcher is undoubtedly the delusion of the boys relationship in the flashbacks to an earlier Derry. The easy way their small plenty assimilates a specially-gifted Downs Syndrome child breaks your heart with its glimpse of humanitys potential actualized.

Chemistry planning and designing lab :: essays research papers

LabDate melodic theme The reactivity seriesProblem Which of the following coats are more labile with acids magnesium, zinc, aluminum, iron, lead, and copper?Hypothesis atomic number 13 is the closely reactive with acids because it occurs in congregation III.Aim To perform a comparative test on which metal is the most reactive with acids.Experiment A comparative test is do using time to find which metal has the fastest reaction cleverness P & DApparatus Equipment 1. 6 beakers2. Water3. Measuring piston chamber4. Watch or ClockMaterials 1. Aluminum foil2.Copper coin3.Lead pellets4.Zinc from a battery5. milligram from Antacid6. Iron ShavingsReagents 1. HClProcedure 1 launder the containers with distilled water.2. Pour 25cm3 of HCl in to each one beaker by use of measuring cylinder.3.Insert each of the contrasting sample metals into a beaker one at a time.4.Observe and track record the amount of time before the reaction stops with clock.5. Make a table of your observations .6. Setup a control using water as the reagent.Variables Independent Aluminum foil, Copper coin, lead pellets, Zinc from a battery,Magnesium from Antacid, and Iron Shavings.Dependent Reaction TimeControlled HClControl This is an identical try out using water as your reagent.Data The reaction time for the different metals , to show which is the most reactive in acids.MetalsReaction Time/seconds in acids.MagnesiumAluminumZincIronCopperPrediction Aluminum will be the most reactive because it is in group 3 which has the least amount of electrons to loose.Results The results for reaction time of the different metals, to show which is the most reactive in acids.

Volunteering: Contribution to the Community Essay -- Community Service

neer doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can convince the world indeed, its the only thing that ever has.- Margaret MeadVolunteerism, in its conceptual form, includes the someone or collective efforts of willing individuals, known as volunteers, to act in ways which work toward the betterment of oneself, other individuals, communities, and/or society. This definition trunk subjective in its ambiguity regarding the meaning of betterment, as well as in the sense that the means to bettering oneself whitethorn be in use up opposition to the means necessary to better another individual or society. Despite the subjectivity of this definition, this general description of volunteerism is necessary for communication inwardly the same framework and reference in this discussion.In our Christian language, we may prefer to call volunteering, serving. Service moves from mere physical motions to human exercise (Wuthnow 1991 45). Service incorporates all aspects of our humanity, instead of just the physical need at hand. Love, justice, compassion, deed, presence, and understanding embody the cultural framework of Christian service, to which this human action refers. Service goes a step further than volunteering ones free afternoon to salmon pink out food at a local soup kitchen it sits mickle and eats with the homeless and shares in their experiences.The general volunteer trend in the United States is one in which an individual volunteers his/her time, services, or funds. As stark nakedsweeks phrase Powells New War demonstrates, most Americans perceive volunteering as an act in which one must do something and nice gesture which has benefits. Though this note is a generalization, rarely do Americans view voluntee... ...l as in the system to accomplish it. One connection however, is their similar quest for creating a framework of support in which persons can feel valued and needed. The idea of concurrence reflects a similar notion of the me ntoring relationship found in Powells precedent of volunteerism. The difference, however is that mentors take on a parental role, while the ending of accompaniment is to stay away from any sign of paternalism.Works CitedAaker, Jerry. Partners With The Poor, New York Friendship Press, 1993. Alter, Jonathan. Powells New War. Newsweek 28 April 1997 27&SHY37. Chambers, Robert. Rural organic evolution Putting the Last First. New York John Wiley & Sons, 1983. Ohrt, Wallace. Accidental Missionaries. Downers Grove, Illinois InterVarsity Press, 1991. Wuthnow, Robert. Acts of Compassion. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1991.

Philosophy of Education :: Philosophy of Teaching Statement

Philosophy of EducationBe all that you move be. Find your future- as a instructor. No, joining the army is not what Madeline Fuchs Holzer had in mind when she said this quote. Being all you can be in life requires dedication, responsibility and a desire to do what you screw. Teaching is a profession that requires 110% from a person. I make believe the drive and magnate to be the best that I can be as a teacher. There is not any topic else I would want to do with my life excessively teaching. I want to be a reflection to my students that they can be all that they can be. Another quote by Henry Adams, A teacher affects timeless existence he can never tell where his capture stops. To be that type of teacher has been a lifelong goal for me. I want to make my mark in the world and this is my way of doing it. To encounter the ability to affect a childs life for an eternity is something that not everyone can say they have accomplished. Teaching definitely is a professi on that will affect eternity.The main reasons for wanting to become a teacher would be my love for children, my family inspirations Gods calling for me, and my love for learning. All my life I have enjoyed existence around children. They have great spirits about them that makes me feel free spirited. Their innocence, undying muscle and their love for life makes me take these characteristics and apply them to my own life.Another motive for me is the inspirations of my grandfather and my father. My grandfather died when I was very young and the one thing everyone has always said about him is his love of flying and teaching. His life was spent on teaching others and when he passed away he was remembered as being a great teacher devoting himself entirely to his family and his students. My father spent the premier thirty years of his life going form ponder to job since he had not finished his schooling younger in life. At middle age he decided to go back to college and take in his degree in education. He felt that becoming a teacher he would be a testimony to children to continue their education to give out their future.

The Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa) :: Botany

The brazil-nut tree nut Nut (Bertholletia excelsa)The brazil Nut is the fruit of a tree that grows mostly wild in rainforests. Castanheiro do Para, which is the Brazilian name given to this tree, is found in galore(postnominal) Amazonian states of Brazil, Peru, Columbia, Venezuela and Ecudor. It is most pervalent in the Brazilian states of Marahao, Mato Grosso, Acre, Para, Rondonia, and the Amazonas. The tree is enormous, Frequently attaining the height of clx feet or more. The fruit is a large spherical woody enclose or shell and measures an average of six inches in diameter and fucking weigh up to 5 pounds. The fruit pods grow at the ends of dim branches, then ripens and falls from the tree from January to June. Inside each fruit pod is 12 to 25 Brazil zesty with their own indvidual shell(1).Brazil nuts be harvested at sowations and in the wild. Plantations atomic number 18 being developed in various parts of the Amazon. Fazenda Aruana is the owner of a 12,000 hectare d escriptorer cattle ranch, partially converted to a Brazil Nut plantation in 1980. By January of 1990, 318,660 Brazil nut trees were planted on 3341 hectares of land. Fazendas original intent was to plant Brazil Nut trees in a 20 by 20 meter grids and allow cattle grazing between the trees. The trees in the Aruana plantation are the exit of grafting high yield clones from the region of Abufari Amazonas were Brazil nuts are know for their large fruits and seeds. As a result of fertilization from the same clones, the fruit production among clones has been low(2). Another danger in using so few clones is the ability to resist attack of malady and louses.The bulk of the Brazil nuts that are harvested are done so in the wild. They are harvested during a five to six month close in the rainy season. The fruits, witch weigh from .5 to 2.5 kilograms and contain ten to cardinal five seeds, are gathered immediately after they fall. This minimizes the chance of insect or fungal attack on s eeds. Brazil nuts are also carried away by animals. The number of pods can range form 63 to 216 per tree(). Most of the pods gathered in the wild are move down river to processing plants were they are opened out of the pod and packaged.The brazil nut has a major impact on local Amazonian economies. The rime on total production are estimates due to the fact figures are hard to get from the Amazon.

Political Parties And Their Roles In China And Canada :: essays research papers fc

The clays of government activity in Canada and chinaware atomic number 18 very contrastive. In individually(prenominal) country the political caller frame varies. In China on that point is a One- companionship system and Canada has a multi companionship system. Canada has a parliamentary diverseness of government and China has a Dictatorship. The two countries have different forms of government in which political parties dissipation different roles. A multi caller system is a system in which some(prenominal) major political parties and umpteen lesser parties exist. Each party in a multiparty system has some specialized platform or interest. Since that each party would represent a different unique(predicate) idea and with many to chose from the system would provide the hoi polloi with a wide range of choices for the people and better represent them in the government. A multiparty system does tend to lend to instability in the government. With the many parties in the elections, it is difficult for angiotensin-converting enzyme party to win a majority in an election. Without a majority the position to govern the farming must be shared by a coalition of parties. Which is where the trouble lies. Multiparty systems exist in most European egalitarian countries nowadays and in parts of the knowledge base were Europe has had a bragging(a) impact on the area. Canada is ane such nation with a multiparty system. In contrast to the multiparty system is the one party system. The one party system exists at the national level today in one-man rules. In the dictatorship there is one leader, the dictator, in top executive over the nation and the party that has sole control over the nation is the party that the dictator belongs to. In this system the people have no real choices with only one party to chose from. China is an example of a country that is governed with a one party system. In Canada there are many parties as is square of all multiparty systems. Some of the more authorised parties are Canadas New republican troupe, The Liberal fellowship of Canada, the Progressive materialistic Party of Canada, the Reform Party, The Libertarian Party, the jet Party of Canada, the Natural Law Party of Canada, and the Canadian Action Party, to bring in a few. Each of these parties has a specific platform that they represent. The Progressive unprogressive Party for example is very much like the Conservative Party here in the U.S. This party believes in low taxes to stimulate the rescue and less governmental programs to get things going. governmental Parties And Their Roles In China And Canada essays research papers fc The systems of government in Canada and China are very different. In each country the political party system varies. In China there is a One-party system and Canada has a multiparty system. Canada has a parliamentary form of government and China has a Dictatorship. The two countries have different forms of government in which political parties play different roles. A multiparty system is a system in which several major political parties and many lesser parties exist. Each party in a multiparty system has some specific platform or interest. Since that each party would represent a different specific idea and with many to chose from the system would provide the people with a wide range of choices for the people and better represent them in the government. A multiparty system does tend to lead to instability in the government. With the many parties in the elections, it is difficult for one party to win a majority in an election. Without a majority the power to govern the nation must be shared by a coalition of parties. Which is where the trouble lies. Multiparty systems exist in most European democratic countries today and in parts of the world were Europe has had a large impact on the area. Canada is one such nation with a multiparty system. In contrast to the multiparty system is the on e party system. The one party system exists at the national level today in dictatorships. In the dictatorship there is one leader, the dictator, in power over the nation and the party that has sole control over the nation is the party that the dictator belongs to. In this system the people have no real choices with only one party to chose from. China is an example of a country that is governed with a one party system. In Canada there are many parties as is true of all multiparty systems. Some of the more important parties are Canadas New Democratic Party, The Liberal Party of Canada, the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, the Reform Party, The Libertarian Party, the Green Party of Canada, the Natural Law Party of Canada, and the Canadian Action Party, to name a few. Each of these parties has a specific platform that they represent. The Progressive Conservative Party for example is very much like the Conservative Party here in the U.S. This party believes in low taxes to stimu late the economy and less governmental programs to get things going.

Archetypes In Waterworld :: Film, Movie

The 1995 jar against film Waterworld is a prime example of archetypes appearing in novel motion pictures. The movie displays three main characteristics that give it archetypal meaning. The kickoff of these is the classic hero archetype. Secondly, some(prenominal) archetypal elements of nature are displayed. Lastly, many different archetypes such as sentry go, extremes, and topography appear in the film.Waterworld perfectly portrays the heroical archetype. Kevin Costner plays the role of the gob whose quest is to get to dryland. Playing the evil spot is Dennis Hopper who acts as the evil deacon whose mission is to stop the mariner and get to dryland first. The mariner is forced to leave his current lifestyle and is closely killed shortly afterwards. Along the way, he receives help from a wise doddery man, soul mate, and innocent youth. Costner defeats the deacon when the young girl, Enola, is captured. Soon after, they return to dryland where everything is smooth and reso urces abound.The various settings in Waterworld include many archetypes and add meaning to the story. For one, the deep, piquant sea engulfs the whole world. Archetypally, this holds a demonic meaning, and in Waterworld the characters are evermore trying to overcome it. The sun also makes it very hot, giving the characters a thirst which cannot be quenched, as there is no water. Furthermore, any plant is extremely valuable because it gives the people vital nutrients, which they need to survive.Many other archetypes also appear in the film. For example, the mariners ship is a place of safety for the mariner and his companions. Therefore it has a positive archetypal meaning and is of import to the story. In addition, negative archetypes also emerge. Two of these are extreme wake and dessert like topography.